Chapter 3: Political Economy and Ethics

Case study: PepsiCo’s Global Challenge PepsiCo has achieved a 13% annual growth rate, focusing particularly on international market expansion, especially in India. Under CEO Indra Nooyi’s motto “Performance with Purpose,” the company balances profit-seeking with social responsibility through developing healthier snacks, reducing environmental impact, and improving employee welfare. The company demonstrates how corporations can successfully … Read more

Transcending Borders: The Influence of Hallyu Fandom Culture on Global Consumer Behavior​

The Korean Wave, or Hallyu, has evolved into a global phenomenon, significantly impacting consumer behavior across diverse cultures. This exploration delves into how Hallyu fandom culture enables consumers worldwide to transcend cultural differences and engage deeply with Korean content.​ The Rise of Hallyu and Its Global Appeal Hallyu encompasses various facets of Korean culture, including … Read more

Cultural Variations in K-pop Concerts: Exploring Global Fan Practices​

The global proliferation of K-pop has led to a diverse array of fan practices at concerts worldwide. These variations are influenced by cultural norms, regional fan behaviors, and localized adaptations of the K-pop phenomenon.​ Introduction: The Globalization of K-pop Concerts K-pop, originating from South Korea, has transcended its national boundaries to become a global phenomenon. … Read more

Singing into Korean: How K-pop Fuels a Global Language Learning Boom

The global surge in K-pop’s popularity has not only captivated music enthusiasts but has also sparked a significant interest in learning the Korean language. This phenomenon highlights the profound connection between music and language acquisition, demonstrating how cultural exports can influence educational pursuits worldwide.​ The Rise of Korean Language Learners Inspired by K-pop The allure … Read more

Global Voices in Harmony: BLACKPINK’s Multicultural Identity and Communication Strategy

Introduction: The Global Formation of BLACKPINK BLACKPINK, formed by YG Entertainment in 2016, consists of four members: Jisoo (South Korea), Jennie (South Korea/New Zealand), Rosé (New Zealand/Australia), and Lisa (Thailand). This diverse lineup has been instrumental in their global appeal.​ Leveraging Multicultural Backgrounds Each member’s unique background allows BLACKPINK to connect with a wide audience. … Read more

Bridging Cultures Through Fandom: The Cultural Diversity of BTS’s ARMY

Introduction: The Global Phenomenon of BTS and the ARMY BTS, also known as the Bangtan Boys, has transcended cultural and linguistic barriers to become a global music sensation. Central to their success is their diverse fanbase, known as the ARMY (Adorable Representative M.C. for Youth), which spans across various countries and cultures. This phenomenon exemplifies … Read more

How Buldak Ramen Fits with Cultural Values Across Markets

Beyond simply adapting flavors to local palates, Buldak Ramen naturally aligns with key cultural values in various global markets. Its extreme spiciness, branding strategy, and viral appeal contribute to its success in different cultural contexts, making it more than just an exported Korean product. Instead, it has integrated itself into local consumption habits, food trends, … Read more

How Bibigo Dumplings Fit with Cultural Values Across Markets

Beyond simply adapting flavors and marketing strategies to local tastes, Bibigo dumplings naturally align with key cultural values in different markets. This cultural fit strengthens the product’s appeal and makes it more than just an international food item—it integrates seamlessly into local consumer behaviors and preferences. United States: Efficiency, Convenience, and Individualism In the United … Read more

Chapter 2: Cross-Cultural Business

Case study Haribo, a gummy candy company founded in 1920 in Germany, currently supplies products to 105 countries worldwide and produces over 100 million gummy candies daily. However, Haribo faced a challenge as Muslims and Jews could not consume their products due to the pork-based gelatin used in production. To resolve this issue, after four … Read more

Global Expansion of Korean Fashion and Beauty Industries: The Cases of Stylenanda and Amorepacific

Introduction: The Rise of K-Fashion and K-Beauty The global proliferation of Korean pop culture, known as Hallyu, has significantly impacted various industries, notably fashion and beauty. Brands such as Stylenanda and Amorepacific have capitalized on this trend, expanding their reach beyond domestic borders to establish a formidable international presence.​ Stylenanda: From Local Fashion to Global … Read more